Skip to main content

How TAU Is Navigating Campus Co-existence:

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

In classrooms, labs and cafeterias, Jews and Arabs confront the reality of a post-October 7 world

When the first academic term after October 7 was about to begin at Tel Aviv University (TAU), Prof. Neta Ziv, TAU’s vice president of equity, diversity and community, wasn’t sure exactly what to expect, however she knew it would be complicated. For instance, there was the lab in the School of Medicine made up of three Arab doctorates, with family members in Gaza, and five Jewish researchers, including one whose best friend was killed at the Nova Music Festival massacre and another who had family members held hostage. Furthermore, there were the many, many classrooms across campus where Jewish and Arab students studied together and were expected to continue learning in the same space.

TAU and Israeli universities had a task no other academic institution had ever had to confront to the same degree: trying to ensure coexistence, safety and wellbeing among Jews and Arabs on campus amid a tragic and violent crisis that has personally affected so many.

Preparing for the Return to Campus

Campuses across Israel are some of the most diverse spaces in Israel and where most Arab- and Jewish-Israeli citizens first really get to know one another; approximately 20 percent of students on Israeli campuses are Arab, consistent with the percentage of Arabs in Israel’s population. (While some Arabs in Israel identify as Palestinian, others do not, which is why the more general term tends to be used when referring to non-Jewish Middle Eastern Israelis.)

Regarding the return to campus on December 31, 2023, Ziv and others at TAU determined that they really needed a plan both for classrooms and public spaces that prioritized safe coexistence.

“The first thing we did was we set up a task force of Arab and Jewish faculty, as well as representatives from the Dean of Students, and we looked around and we tried to identify all the places where issues could arise.”—Prof. Neta Ziv, TAU’s VP of Equity, Diversity and Community

The University immediately hired social psychologists and organizational consultants to be on hand to assist faculties with any conflict that might arise, and more than 800 faculty members were given training on how to handle tensions in class. TAU President Prof. Ariel Porat met with all of the University’s Arab student organizations and political Jewish organizations to solicit their help in promoting coexistence on campus.

Arab-Israeli journalist Yoseph Haddad speaks at a 2024 TAU Board of Governors panel.

Ziv’s team met with all Arab faculty members as well as staff at the dormitories to reassure and offer support. For the beginning of the return to campus, many faculty members were recruited to welcome all students to campus and make them feel more comfortable returning.

“We did a lot of different things to make sure that the school year would start peacefully.”—Prof. Neta Ziv

A Faculty-Specific Approach

Ziv’s team also doubled down on their support for faculty management, empowering each faculty to do what made the most sense for their students. For example, Ziv recently attended a meeting with TAU’s School of Psychological Sciences, where they discussed how to decrease barriers for Arab students interested in clinical psychology. “We’re thinking of ways to enhance the successes of these students because we know that there are very few psychologists right now serving the Arab community in Israel,” she says. 

For the Faculty of Social Sciences, which houses the School of Psychological Sciences, another main concern since October 7 has been adapting course content so that it is both relevant and sensitive to Jewish and Arab students in today’s context. 

Students attend one of their first classes after the semester started on December 31, 2023

“If you teach in the social sciences … you speak immediately about students’ own lives and their lives have been changing tremendously and rapidly in the last year. So how do you maintain the high academic level, but at the same time be sensitive to their feelings about what’s going on?” asks Prof. Amal Jamal, vice dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and head of the Walter Lebach Institute for the Study of Jewish-Arab Coexistence.

“This combination is not easy and cannot be taken for granted, and this is what we are trying to accomplish.”— Prof. Amal Jamal, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences

Other schools and faculties are focused on alternative approaches. In the Coller School of Management, where about a third of accounting students and a quarter of management students are Arab, a pilot project will resume next academic year requiring Arabs and Jewish students to work together on group projects. “That’s the big question we have now, is how do we get back to the activities we had before October 7,” says Prof. Dotan Persitz, an inclusion advisor for Arab students in the Coller School.

Beginning the Dialogue Process 

While many at the faculty level are actively finding ways to support students and bolster coexistence, there are others who are focused on confronting division by offering Jewish and Arab students a framework for coming together to hold space for the difficult truths. 

The Dugri course at TAU is one example—the term “dugri” is known in both Arabic and Hebrew and means talking bluntly and without reserve to confront the hard truths and trauma of the Israeli-Palestinian crisis. The intensive TAU course, which takes place over three all-day sessions and involves 20 Arab and Jewish students from across TAU faculties, is offered by Youssef Masharawi, an Arab professor from the Department of Physical Therapy, and Uriel Abulof, a Jewish professor from the Department of Political Science. 

“This is dealing, hardcore, with the issues between Arabs and Jews by discussing the truth honestly, but with a lot of respect,”—Prof. Masharawi

The Dugri class, led by Masharawi and Abulof, in session. 

Another program, MiddleMeets, was conceived during a student-led TAU hackathon called The Day After. Initially, MiddleMeets was intended to bring international students and Israeli students together in conversation; however, program organizers quickly realized that dialogue was first needed at home.

The program brings together approximately 35 students from across Israeli universities. First-year TAU student Maysan Madi, who is Palestinian, is one of the participants. “It made me feel much less helpless,” she says.

“There’s something so comforting and so unique about expressing your pain to the so-called other side and that has been MiddleMeets for me.”

For the initial meeting of MiddleMeets, the Arab and Jewish groups of students met separately with a Hebrew-speaking or Arabic-speaking facilitator to discuss expectations and fears. During other meetings, shared conversation revolved around a particular theme like rights on the land, shame and guilt, and sympathy and empathy.

Regarding one meeting held at TAU, the academic advisor for the program, Prof. Elitzur Bar-Asher Siegal, recalls a particularly tense encounter between a student recently stationed in Gaza and an Arab-speaking student who asked the Jewish student if he had killed anyone. 

“When you actually hear someone coming back from the war, talking with someone who blames him for genocide, and they have a sincere conversation and each one gets for a second, for a moment, that the other side is not just pure evil … I think that this is an experience that I wish everyone had for a moment,”—Prof. Elitzur Bar-Asher Siegal   

The MiddleMeets initiative also led to representatives, including Madi and Bar-Asher Siegal, being invited in June to speak at the Vatican and meet the Pope. “We told him to pray for the war to end and for the hostages and for the children killed in Gaza, and we gave him the shirt of MiddleMeets and he read it in English and said thank you. He was very sweet,” says Madi.

Bar-Asher Siegal and Madi (both standing, left-hand side) offering the Pope a MiddleMeets shirt.

Madi has decided to continue with the MiddleMeets project, which is entering its second phase as organizers fundraise and work to bring together a diverse Israeli delegation with American and European students:

“I hope we get many more Palestinian and Jewish students involved, as well as international students—with what has been going on, they need to hear more from the people that live here.”—Maysan Madi

The War Isn’t Over Yet 

While Ziv credits the work of the dialogue groups as well as the faculties in supporting students, she is still cautious, reflecting that the war in Gaza continues. 

“Tel Aviv University is an open, democratic campus, and we are really fighting to ensure that even during periods of real tension between groups, especially now during the war, we maintain an opportunity for our students to express their views,” says Ziv. “It’s a continuing challenge, and I think it’s important to put that on the table.” 

At the same time, hope persists that facilitating dialogue at TAU will have an effect and even reverberate more widely in Israeli society: “Universities are very sensitive and unique zones for Jewish and Arab relations,” says Jamal.

“Getting students to take an active role in facilitating these relationships not only helps them feel better during their studies, but they also then become messengers of better relations in their own communities.”—Prof. Amal Jamal

Global Day of Engagement: Celebrating International Ties

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

Tel Aviv University hosts three international delegations

On July 25, a remarkable convergence of events took place at Tel Aviv University, showcasing the spirit of innovation, solidarity, and learning. The Lowy International School hosted visits from Columbia University faculty, leadership of several Indian universities, and a large group of American undergraduate students.

Columbia University Solidarity Delegation 

As part of the ongoing series of solidarity visits from elite universities and TAU partners, Columbia University faculty came to Tel Aviv to talk about antisemitism, BDS in the context of international collaborations, freedom of speech, and the state of TAU post-October 7th.

TAU President Prof Ariel Porat talking about Tel Aviv University initiatives post-October 7

The discussions were led by Prof. Ariel Porat, TAU President, who described all the challenges TAU has been facing since October 7, including assisting student reservists return to their studies, joining the country-wide volunteer efforts, and protecting academic freedoms.

Despite the challenges, Israeli academia, particularly at Tel Aviv University, has seen significant international support from colleagues and institutions abroad.  “At the same time, we’re at a point in which we are seriously concerned about the state of international collaborations in Israel and at Tel Aviv University,” noted Prof. Milette Shamir, VP for International, highlighting increasing institutional boycotts from European universities and silent disengagements by individual faculty, which could severely impact young researchers first and foremost. 

Prof. Milette Shamir, Prof. Ariel Porat, Ms Camellia Darawscha at the meeting with Columbia University faculty

Prof. Shamir described some of TAU’s new initiatives to support internationalization:

“We give support to faculty to prepare them as they go abroad now for how to conduct themselves and how to cultivate ties despite the situation.”

The university has also joined a task force formed by the VERA committee of university presidents to counter the boycotts: “They’re collecting the data, but they’re also leading, for example, the efforts to have a legal stance at the European Commission,” explained Shamir.

Columbia University delegation and students of the Dual Degree TAU–Columbia BA Program in Liberal Arts

In addition, the Lowy International School is actively promoting study abroad programs for international students and exchange programs for TAU’s Israeli students. This fall, over 200 undergraduate and graduate students will spend a semester abroad.

“It’s very important for Israelis now to be present on campuses around the world,” – commented one of the delegation participants.

Ms Camellia Darawscha, Diversity Officer at the TAU Equity, Diversity, and Community Office Commission, spoke about the measures the university undertakes to ensure a safe campus environment for all students, including staff training sessions and personal consultations on dealing with diverse classes, monitoring and regulating incidents of microagression and harassment, and regulating hate speech. 

Columbia University faculty

“Despite the complications, inspiring things are still happening. One example is a project named The Artist’s Lake. It’s a community theater of Arab and Jewish students who have never studied acting, and they act together on stage. Another example is Force and Dialogue through Palestinian artists.”—Camellia Darawscha

The visit also featured a discussion about antisemitism, its current meaning, origins, and implications with Prof Dina Porat, Emeritus in the Department of Jewish History and the Chief Historian of Yad Vashem.

As part of the visit, the delegation met with students and alumni of the Joint Dual Degree Liberal Arts BA program between Columbia and TAU. Lisa Rosen-Metsch, the Dean of the Columbia School for General Studies, while not present at the meeting, sent her message:

“While these past months since October 7th have been extremely difficult, I have no doubt that our dual degree students will pull through, and the intellectual, social, and emotional education that they are receiving will yield the outcome of our students becoming future leaders in the world who has never needed them more.”

Prof Krasna (right), Associate Dean of Columbia Mailman School of Public Health reading the address from Prof. Rosen-Metsch, the Dean of the Columbia School for General Studies

Rosen-Metsch added in her letter: “I and my colleagues at Columbia, as demonstrated by their presence today, are doing everything possible to make sure we remain the destination Ivy League school for every student from Israel, and that our students are welcomed, supported, and receive the best intellectual experience at Columbia.”

“I’m very grateful to our colleagues at Tel Aviv University for being such outstanding academic partners.”—Prof. Rosen-Metsch

Elisha Baker, Columbia junior, described the initiatives of the Jewish community on campus and answered questions from students who will be starting their classes at Columbia this fall.     

“I will double down on needing more Jewish students to apply to Columbia so that we can build a stronger community. We already have a very strong one, but build it even stronger, raise our voices even more.”—Elisha Baker, Columbia student

Columbia University delegation and students of the Dual Degree TAU–Columbia BA Program in Liberal Arts

Expanding Collaborations with India

Another solidarity visit was organized by the Israeli Embassy in Delhi and the Foreign Ministry. The delegation comprising university vice-chancellors and leaders, representing the Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, University of Mumbai, and 12 other institutions from across India met with Prof. Milette Shamir and Prof. Colin Price who gave a talk on sustainability and climate crisis. 

“We come to Israel to show solidarity.”— Prof E J James, Karunya University

Since 2016, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology and Tel Aviv University have collaborated on food security and advanced manufacturing research. Professor Yossi Shacham from Tel Aviv University initially led the Center for Excellence in Food Security, succeeded by Professor Nir Ohad.

Prof Ohad, head of the Food Security Center; Prof Batish, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology; Prof Shamir, VP for International at TAU; and Konstantin Platonov, TAU Asia Engagement Director (from left to right)

Professor Noam Eliaz is the inaugural Chair Center of Excellence in Advanced Manufacturing. There are also joint projects with Prof Ram Fishman and Prof Hadas Mamane, including Digital Villages, water treatment and irrigation models, and perishable fruit sensor technologies.

“The water treatment model has been adopted by the government of Panjab and is implemented in 13000 villages.”—Prof Ajay Batish, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology.

The partnership also includes student exchange, with Thapar University sending top students to Tel Aviv University for life sciences and engineering programs and hosting Israeli MSc students who work in the farms with Indian farmers and experimenting with various aspects of the Digital Villages project.

“I’m very proud of them because these boys, despite not knowing the local language and handicapped with not knowing the way to that place and also needing support to get there, they’ve done extremely well. They’re like mini celebrities in those farms and villages because people love them there. So I think that way it has been a big success from both sides,” comments Batish.

The leader of the Indian student community at TAU meeting with the delegation

Members of the delegation expressed a lot of interest in building connections with TAU, particularly in the fields of agriculture, climate, cyber security, and also fine arts. As Prof Avkash Yadav from the University of Mumbai said, “Our relations with Israel have a lot of potential.”

“We can collaborate in the space of climate change and thunder-lightning.”—Bal Raj Singh, Vice Chancelllor of Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University.

As part of their visit, guests from India went to other Israeli universities, toured Jerusalem, kibbutzim in the south, towns in the north, and met with families of hostages.

The Indian delegation to Tel Aviv University

They also went to the Israeli Chamber of Commerce and met with some young innovators who are in the process of setting up their own companies or startups. 

“They have really brilliant ideas. One of them has already reached out to me on LinkedIn because his product looks very exciting to me. So, I am going to try and work with him and see what we can do together.”—Prof. Batish

Largest Student Visit to TAU Led by Jewish Learning Initiative on Campus

For the second consecutive year, The Lowy International School hosted 250 JLIC summer students to learn about Tel Aviv University and its multi-disciplinary academic offerings. American undergraduates came to Israel to learn Torah and intern in Jerusalem or Tel Aviv. 

Rabbi Eitan Philips, head of JLIC at Tel Aviv University

Rabbi Eitan Philips, who is leading the JLIC at Tel Aviv University, shared his journey with students, emphasizing the significance of their choice to come to Israel and Tel Aviv University despite the challenges:

“Think about what Tel Aviv means to you, think about what this university can offer you, and think about how your Judaism, which you’ve spent a whole summer now involved in, what it has to say to the whole world.”—Rabbi Eitan Philips

Reflecting on the turmoil before October 7th and his own experiences in Gaza, he highlighted Tel Aviv’s role as Israel’s face to the west: “Tel Aviv represents what we have to give to the world, what we have to give to humanity, our particularism and our universalism.”

Prof Rosen, TAU Faculty of Engineering

Professor Brian Rosen, from the Faculty of Engineering, discussed the intersection of his scientific and religious life, emphasizing that both realms seek different aspects of truth. 

In his talk entitled ‘The Halachic Engineer’ he shared a story from the 1960s about the discovery of the Big Bang Theory, illustrating how scientific advancements can complement rather than contradict religious beliefs.

“The advancement in one field does not need to come at the expense or the dignity of another.”—Prof. Rosen

JLIC students at Tel Aviv University

He encouraged students to see their academic pursuits and Torah study as integrated rather than conflicting: “To study science and engineering and any other discipline here can be done in parallel to Torah study because you’re looking for a single answer.” 

Quoting Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, he concluded, “Science takes things apart to see how they work, Judaism puts things together to see what they mean, and we need them both,” stressing the importance of a harmonious balance between scientific inquiry and spiritual meaning.

JLIC students visiting the new Nanotechnology building

As part of their visit, students met with representatives from TAU faculties: Nanotechnology, Business, Neuroscience, Engineering, Social Sciences, Environmental Studies, as well as the Moshe Dayan Center. Each faculty introduced a topic within their field of study allowing students to experience the breadth of learning and innovation that takes place at TAU. 

An olah hadasha and TAU Sofaer MBA graduate Rachel Thau talking to JLIC students about her startup that verifies the validity of news statements online

They also got to see the lab and learning facilities of Tel Aviv University, including a neuroscience lab that uses EEG equipment and an industry-grade clean room at the recently inaugurated Roman Abramovich Building for Nano and Quantum Science & Technology.

JLIC students on their visit to the Sagol School of Neuroscience

The day events of the day exemplify the spirit of collaboration, resilience, and academic excellence of Tel Aviv University. From hosting international delegations and holding meaningful discussions to showcasing cutting-edge research and innovation, TAU continues to strengthen its global ties and inspire future leaders. 

TAU Launches New MSc in Digital Health

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

Program helps students to take charge of the digital healthcare revolution

With artificial intelligence (AI) and other digital technologies revolutionizing nearly all aspects of health care, Tel Aviv University (TAU) is launching the MSc in Digital Health – a new master’s program anchored in a multinational network, which aims to equip those in healthcare with the tools they need to thrive in this new reality. 

“The healthcare sector is currently undergoing a digital revolution. As technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace, there is a growing need for professionals to bridge the gap between healthcare and technology,” says Dr. Tal Soffer, codirector of the new program.

“This program is designed to meet that need, prepare students for the future of healthcare, and open up a variety of new career opportunities in areas that are currently in high demand.”—Dr. Soffer

Embedded in a European Network  

Soffer, who directs digital pedagogy for TAU, is running the new MSc program with her colleague Prof. Noam Shomron, a global expert in gene expression and translating data for clinical settings. In addition to support from Soffer and Shomron, students will have access to a much wider international network, given the program is embedded in an EU Digital Europe collaboration that includes six universities, eight research centers and industry partners from Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Luxemburg, Portugal and Slovenia.

“Collaboration with diverse academic and industry partners enhances the learning experience by providing students with access to a wide range of expertise, cutting-edge technologies and real-world applications.”—Prof. Shomron

Through his own work, Shomron has become a global leader on digital applications within a clinical setting.

“This international network also opens doors for collaborative research projects, internships and job opportunities, ensuring that graduates are well prepared to contribute to the global healthcare landscape.” 

How the Program Works 

The two-year MSc in Digital Health, which is taught in English, is organized according to two tracks: one is focused on helping healthcare professionals to build digital competencies, while the second helps data experts to become leaders in areas like MedTech and BioTech.

The coursework and approach of the program is multidisciplinary, allowing students to gain a broader understanding of how to approach the digital transformation taking place in healthcare. 

“The most important takeaway for students will be a comprehensive understanding of how to integrate and apply digital technologies in healthcare settings.”—Prof. Shomron

“This includes practical skills in AI, robotics, cyber- and quantum-computing and data science.” Soffer adds that students “will also learn to think critically about the ethical, legal and social implications of these technologies, ensuring that they can advocate for responsible and patient-centered use of digital health solutions.”

The Benefits of Studying Digital Health at TAU

The program also takes advantage of its strategic location in one of the digital health innovation capitals of the world: Tel Aviv.

“TAU is located in the heart of Israel’s tech industry, providing students with direct exposure to cutting-edge innovations and opportunities to engage with leading tech companies.”—Prof. Soffer.

“This unique ecosystem fosters creativity, entrepreneurship and practical learning experiences that are hard to find elsewhere.” 

 

 

 

 

Interested in learning more about the new MSc in Digital Health, including application requirements?

Visit our program page to learn more and apply.

The application deadline for the new program is September 1, 2024.

Andi Murez Carries Flag at Paris Olympics

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

TAU alumna and sports scholarship recipient couldn’t be prouder of representing Israel on world stage

For Andrea “Andi” Murez—a newly-minted Tel Aviv University (TAU) international medical school alumna and recipient of a TAU Sylvan Adams Olympic scholarship—being able to compete and carry Israel’s flag at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris has been one of the biggest honors of her life.

“I think what made it really obvious that this is such an honor was actually when we recently competed in the European championships and won the relay … to be on such a large stage like that at an international competition and be able to hear the Hatikvah and raise the Israeli flag … from that I have a lot of motivation”—Andi Murez.

“Just the messages I received at the time made it clear what an impact it can have, and how special it is in such a difficult time.”

Three-Time Olympian Finds Meaning in Family Legacy

Murez made aliyah from California in 2014 and is now representing Israel for a third time at the Olympics, participating in the mixed 4×100 meter medley relay. She was the first woman in Israel to qualify for the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics and also competed in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. 

This is the third time Murez is competing in the Olympic Games. Photo: Simone Castrovillari.

However, it is being able to compete at the Olympics in the country of her step-grandfather that is most meaningful: he is the only survivor in his family of Nazi-occupied France, and he later became a swimmer on the French national team. “My aunt messaged me the other day and reminded me that my step-grandfather is from France,” says Murez. “That adds a particularly special component to competing in Paris.” 

Credits TAU Sports Scholarship for Helping Career 

While Murez comes from a family of competitive swimmers, which also includes her other grandfather and her brother, she additionally credits the sports scholarships she received at Stanford University and then at TAU with helping to keep her afloat both in the water and financially.

“In medical school especially, it’s hard to be a student and have enough time … I was able to train instead of squeezing in a part-time job and having to think about how I would manage financially,” says Murez.

“Having a scholarship for athletics while at TAU was amazing, and I’m so happy that there’s an opportunity out there like this.” 

Since graduating in 2023, Murez has most recently been dedicating her time to swimming. In the fall, however, she will begin a medical residency in psychiatry at the Mayo Clinic in the United States. She plans to specialize in sports psychiatry and bring back everything she learns to Israel. “I want to bring it back and help bring more awareness here to mental health in sports,” she says. 

Murez is competing in the 4×100 meter medley relay and swimming the last leg. Photo: Simone Castrovillari.

As Murez begins to transition into this next phase of life, she looks back fondly on how swimming has help to shape who she has become:

“Looking back at the career I’ve had so far … moving to Israel, making aliyah, learning a new language, becoming a part of a new culture and then competing and meeting swimmers and athletes while traveling around the world … it has just been an amazing opportunity and I’m so thankful.”

 

Interested in how TAU can support you as an athlete and student? Learn more about our international sports scholarship.

 

Can Bats Think Ahead of Time?

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

TAU researchers discover that bats have episodic memory and plan ahead

Researchers at Tel Aviv University tracked free-ranging Egyptian fruit bats from a colony based in the TAU’s I. Meier Segals Garden for Zoological Research to answer a long-standing scientific question: Do animals have high and complex cognitive abilities, previously attributed only to humans? In particular, the study focused on the traits of episodic memory, mental time travel, planning ahead, and delayed gratification, arriving at highly thought-provoking conclusions.

The study was led by Prof. Yossi Yovel and Dr. Lee Harten from the School of Zoology and Sagol School of Neuroscience at Tel Aviv University. Other researchers included: Xing Chen, Adi Rachum, Michal Handel, and Aya Goldstein from the School of Zoology, Lior de Marcas from the Sagol School of Neuroscience, and Maya Fenigstein Levi and Shira Rosencwaig from the National Public Health Laboratory of Israel’s Ministry of Health. The paper was published in Current Biology.

Prof. Yossi Yovel.

Prof. Yovel: “For many years the cognitive abilities to recall personal experiences (episodic memory) and plan ahead were considered exclusive to humans. But more and more studies have suggested that various animals also possess such capabilities. Still, nearly all of these studies were conducted under laboratory conditions, since field studies on these issues are difficult to perform. Attempting to test these abilities in wild animals, we designed a unique experiment relying on the colony of free-ranging fruit bats based in TAU’s I. Meier Segals Garden for Zoological Research”.

How Bats Keep Track of Food Resources

The researchers assumed that bats depending on fruit trees for their survival would need to develop an ability to track the availability of food both spatially (where are the fruit trees?) and over time (when does each tree give fruit?).  Navigating through landscapes with numerous fruit and nectar trees, they would need to mentally track the resources in order to revisit them at the appropriate time. To test this hypothesis, a tiny high-resolution GPS tracker was attached to each bat, enabling the documentation of flight routes and trees visited for many months. The vast data collected in this way were thoroughly analyzed, producing some amazing results.  

The first research question was: Do bats form a time map in their minds? To explore this issue, the researchers prevented the bats from leaving the colony for varying periods of time, from one day to a week. Dr. Harten: “We wanted to see whether the bats could tell that time had elapsed and behave accordingly. We found that after one day of captivity, the bats would return to trees visited on the previous night. However, when a whole week had gone by, the older bats, based on past experience, avoided trees that had stopped bearing fruit in the interval. In other words: they were able to estimate how much time had passed since their last visit to each tree and knew which trees bore fruit for a short time and were no longer worth visiting. Young, inexperienced  bats were unable to do this, indicating that this is an acquired skill that must be learned”.

While the first research question looked at past experiences, the second dealt with the future: Do the bats exhibit future-oriented behaviors? Are they capable of planning ahead?  To address this issue the researchers observed each bat’s route to the first tree of the evening, possibly indicative of plans made before leaving the colony. Chen Xing: “We found that usually the bats fly directly to a specific tree they know, sometimes 20 or 30 minutes away. Being hungry, they fly faster when that tree is further away, suggesting they plan where they are heading.

Moreover, focused on their chosen target, they will pass by other trees, even good sources visited just yesterday – indicating a capacity for delayed gratification. We also found that the first bats to leave the colony choose trees bearing fruits rich in sugar, while the bats that leave later seek proteins.” All these findings suggest that the bats plan their foraging before they leave the colony, and know exactly where they are flying and what kind of nourishment they are looking for.

Rethinking Intelligence in Animals

Prof. Yovel: “The cognitive gap between humans and animals is one of the most fascinating issues in science. Our study demonstrates that fruit bats are capable of quite a complex decision-making process involving the three questions indicative of cognitive abilities: Where? (each tree’s location); When? (when the tree bears fruit); and What? (the nourishment it provides – sugar vs. proteins). Once again we find that the gap is not cleat-cut, and that humans are not as unique as some might think. Apparently, humans and animals are all located on a spectrum, with almost any human ability found in animals as well”.

 

Next-Level Drone Detection Could Enhance Airspace Protection

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

TAU research introduces smart tagging to identify and track drones in extreme weather conditions

A new development by researchers at the Faculty of Engineering at Tel Aviv University will help identify small drones in challenging scenarios, such as urban environments, low flight altitudes, and extreme weather conditions, enhancing the protection of airspaces via smart tagging. The research team notes that drone identification is generally conducted using radars, cameras, and transponders, with the latter providing real-time updates on location in civilian contexts. However, these methods can fail in harsh conditions, including limited line of sight, multiple air traffic participants, and tall buildings blocking satellite signals, among other challenges.

The researchers highlight that this new technology can overcome these challenges and provide a superior level of reliability by using smart stickers and a radar supported by an AI algorithm that classifies drones based on the electromagnetic radiation they scatter.

The development was led by Ph.D. students Omer Tzidki and Dmytro Vovchuk from Prof. Pavel Ginzburg’s lab, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering. The lab specializes in developing novel radar and wireless communication technologies, facing new and forthcoming challenges.

Detecting Drones Beyond Sight

Omer Tzidki points out that the problem of identifying the drones is especially critical when there is no direct line of sight, for example when the drone is hidden behind a cloud, in fog, or hard to see due to adverse weather conditions. In these situations, cameras alone are insufficient, and the use of radar becomes necessary.

With this new development, identification is carried out through an electromagnetic representation of the drone’s “identity card”. This allows the radar to distinguish between drones with different IDs by using electromagnetic tagging on the drone’s wings. The AI algorithm, which relies on a neural network, classifies the drone as either friendly or hostile and operates successfully even in varying harsh conditions while minimizing the risk of accidents. Initial experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in a sterile environment, followed by trials in an external setting to simulate real-world scenarios.

Prof. Pavel Ginzburg: “The simplest things often work best. This project leverages fundamental physical principles to reliably and accurately classify drones. The process of identifying any drone using radar is quite complex, so achieving the capability to identify specific drones is a significant accomplishment of which we are very proud”.

Omer Tzidki emphasizes that the combination of electromagnetic techniques, AI algorithms, and innovative radar technology yields optimal results. “Mapping the airfield is critical for protecting the lives of soldiers and civilians. This project is important at all times and especially crucial now”, he said.

How Close Are We to Thought-Based Communication?

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

Researchers achieve success in allowing a patient to “speak” using only the power of thought

A scientific breakthrough by researchers from Tel Aviv University and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov Hospital) has demonstrated the potential for speech by a silent person using the power of thought only. In an experiment, a silent participant imagined saying one of two syllables. Depth electrodes implanted in his brain transmitted the electrical signals to a computer, which then vocalized the syllables.

The study was led by Dr. Ariel Tankus of Tel Aviv University’s School of Medical and Health Sciences and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov Hospital), along with Dr. Ido Strauss of Tel Aviv University’s School of Medical and Health Sciences and director of the Functional Neurosurgery Unit at Ichilov Hospital. The results of this groundbreaking study were published in the prestigious journal Neurosurgery, the official publication of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. These findings offer hope for enabling people who are completely paralyzed — due to conditions such as ALS, brainstem stroke, or brain injury — to regain the ability to speak voluntarily.

Dr. Ariel Tankus of Tel Aviv University’s School of Medical and Health Sciences and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov Hospital).

Dr. Ido Strauss of Tel Aviv University’s School of Medical and Health Sciences and director of the Functional Neurosurgery Unit at Ichilov Hospital. Photo credit: Lior Zur, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov Hospital).

How Brain Implants Enable Silent Speech

“The patient in the study is an epilepsy patient who was hospitalized to undergo resection of the epileptic focus in his brain”, explains Dr. Tankus. “to do this, of course, you need to locate the focal point, which is the source of the ‘short’ that sends powerful electrical waves through the brain. This situation pertains to a smaller subset of epilepsy patients who do not respond well to medication and require neurosurgical intervention, and an even smaller subset of epilepsy patients whose suspected focus is located deep within the brain, rather than on the surface of the cortex. To identify the exact location, electrodes have to be implanted into deep structures of their brains. They are then hospitalized, awaiting the next seizure. When a seizure occurs, the electrodes will tell the neurologists and neurosurgeons where the focus is, allowing them to operate precisely. From a scientific perspective, this provides a rare opportunity to get a glimpse into the depths of a living human brain. Fortunately, the epilepsy patient hospitalized at Ichilov agreed to participate in the experiment, which may ultimately help completely paralyzed individuals to express themselves again through artificial speech”.

An image from the experiment of the speech neuroprosthesis (a.k.a speech brain-computer interface). It shows the participant who is completely silent, with his mouth closed, imagining saying a syllable. The laptop “says” the syllable for him.

In the first stage of the experiment, with the depth electrodes already implanted in the patient’s brain, the Tel Aviv University researchers asked him to say two syllables out loud: /a/ and /e/. They recorded the brain activity as he articulated these sounds. Using deep learning and machine learning, the researchers trained artificial intelligence models to identify the specific brain cells whose electrical activity indicated the desire to say /a/ or /e/. Once the computer learned to recognize the pattern of electrical activity associated with these two syllables in the patient’s brain, he was asked only to imagine that he was saying /a/ and /e/. The computer then translated the electrical signals and played the pre-recorded sounds of /a/ or /e/ accordingly.

Decoding the Language of the Brain

“My field of research deals with the encoding and decoding of speech, that is, how individual brain cells participate in the speech process — the production of speech, the hearing of speech, and the imagination of speech, or ‘speaking silently”, says Dr. Tankus. “In this experiment, for the first time in history, we were able to connect the parts of speech to the activity of individual cells from the regions of the brain from which we recorded. This allowed us to distinguish between the electrical signals that represent the sounds /a/ and /e/. At the moment, our research involves two building blocks of speech, two syllables. Of course, our ambition is to get to complete speech, but even two different syllables can enable a fully paralyzed person to signal ‘yes’ and ‘no.’ For example, in the future, it will be possible to train a computer for an ALS patient in the early stages of the disease, while they can still speak. The computer would learn to recognize the electrical signals in the patient’s brain, enabling it to interpret these signals even after they lose the ability to move their muscles. And that is just one example. Our study is a significant step toward developing a brain-computer interface that can replace the brain’s control pathways for speech production, allowing completely paralyzed individuals to communicate voluntarily with their surroundings once again”.

The study was supported by a grant from the Israel Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology.

Will Wearable Tech Transform Neurological Diagnosis?

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

New study tracks step length for neurological disease and aging

Researchers at Tel Aviv University and Ichilov’s Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center led a multidisciplinary international study in which an innovative model based on machine learning was developed to accurately estimate step length. The new model can be integrated into a wearable device that is attached (with “skin tape”) to the lower back and enables continuous monitoring of steps in a patient’s everyday life. “Step length is a sensitive measure of a wide range of problems and diseases, from cognitive decline and aging to Parkinson’s. The conventional measuring devices that exist today are stationary and cumbersome and are only found in specialized clinics and laboratories. The model we developed enables accurate measurement in a patient’s natural environment throughout the day, using a wearable sensor”, according to the researchers.

The study was led by Assaf Zadka, a graduate student in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tel Aviv University; Prof. Jeffrey Hausdorff from the Department of Physical Therapy at the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and the Sagol School of Neuroscience at Tel Aviv University, as well as from the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC); and Prof. Neta Rabin from the Department of Industrial Engineering at the Fleischman Faculty of Engineering at Tel Aviv University. Also participating in the study were Eran Gazit from TASMC, Prof. Anat Mirelman from the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and the Sagol School of Neuroscience at Tel Aviv University and TASMC, as well as researchers from Belgium, England, Italy, Holland, and the USA. The research was supported by the Center for AI and Data Science of Tel Aviv University. An article describing the research was published in the journal Digital Medicine.

A person walking in a state-of-the-art gait lab, with a wearable sensor positioned on his lower back. He is walking over a gait mat embedded with force-sensitive sensors. The gait mat provides highly accurate measures of the person’s step length and is used to provide reference values for “training” and testing of the machine learning model described in this study. In the background, specialized motion capture cameras can also be seen. The gait mat and cameras very accurately measure a subject’s walking pattern, over a few steps. However, these tools cannot be used in the real-world, everyday setting. In contrast, the wearable sensor is small, lightweight, and waterproof, can be held in place using skin tape, and can measure step length throughout the day, informing the evaluation of real-world walking and functional abilities.

Can Our Steps Reveal Neurological Health?

Prof. Hausdorff, an expert in the fields of walking, aging, and neurology, explains: “Step length is a very sensitive and non-invasive measure for evaluating a wide variety of conditions and diseases, including aging, deterioration as a result of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, and more. Today it is common to measure step length using devices found in specialized laboratories and clinics, which are based on cameras and measuring devices like force-sensitive gait mats. While these tests are accurate, they provide only a snapshot view of a person’s walking that likely does not fully reflect real-world, actual functioning. Daily living walking may be influenced by a patient’s level of fatigue, mood, and medications, for example. Continuous, 24/7 monitoring like that enabled by this new model of step length can capture this real-world walking behavior”.

Smart Sensors for Accurate Steps

Prof. Rabin, an expert in machine learning, adds: “To solve the problem, we sought to harness IMU (inertial measurement unit) systems – light and relatively cheap sensors currently installed in every phone and smart-watch, and measure parameters associated with walking. Previous studies have examined IMU-based wearable devices to assess step length, but these experiments were only performed on healthy subjects without walking difficulties, were based on a small sample size that did not allow for generalization, and the devices themselves were not comfortable to wear and sometimes several sensors were needed. We sought to develop an efficient and convenient solution that would suit people with walking problems, such as the sick and the elderly, and would allow quantifying and collecting data on step length, throughout the day, in an environment familiar to the patient. The goal was to develop an algorithm that is capable of translating the IMU data into an accurate assessment of step length, which can be integrated into a wearable and comfortable device”.

To develop the algorithm, the researchers used IMU sensor-based gait data, in addition to step length data measured conventionally in a previous study, from 472 subjects with different conditions, such as Parkinson’s, people with mild cognitive impairment, healthy elderly subjects, as well as younger, healthy adults and people with multiple sclerosis. An accurate and diverse database consisting of 83,569 steps was collected in this way. The researchers used this data and machine learning methods to train several computer models that translated the IMU data into an estimate of step length. To test the robustness of the models the researchers then determined to what extent the various models could accurately analyze new data that was not used in the training process – an ability known as generalization.

New Model Improves Step Length Precision

Assaf Zadka: “We found that the model called XGBoost is the most accurate, and is 3.5 times more accurate than the most advanced biomechanical model currently used to estimate step length. For a single step, the average error of our model was 6 cm – compared to 21 cm predicted by the conventional model. When we evaluated an average of 10 steps, we arrived at an error of less than 5 cm – a threshold known in the professional literature as ‘the minimum difference that has clinical importance’, which allows identifying a significant improvement or decrease in the subject’s condition. In other words, our model is robust and reliable, and can be used to analyze sensor data from subjects, some with walking difficulties, who were not included in the original training set”.

Prof. Hausdorff concludes: “In our research, we collaborated with researchers in diverse fields around the world, and the multi-disciplinary effort led to promising results. We developed a machine learning model that can be integrated with a wearable and easy-to-use sensor, which gives an accurate estimate of the patient’s step length during daily life. The data collected in this way enables continuous, remote, and long-term monitoring of a patient’s condition, and can also be used in clinical trials to examine the effectiveness of medications. Based on our encouraging results, we are looking into whether it is possible to develop similar models based on data from sensors in smart-watches, which would further improve the comfort of the subject”.

TAU is Going Abroad

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

Outgoing Exchange Meeting Sees Highest Turnout Ever

This year, with the largest turnout ever, The Lowy International School once again held an event for upcoming outgoing exchange students. Approximately 140 Tel Aviv University (TAU) undergraduate and graduate students attended as they prepared to study at universities in Europe, Asia, Australia, North America, and elsewhere.

“The exchange program gives TAU students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience another university and another culture, and to get a taste of the international life,” says Galia Netzer Erlichmen, who oversees the exchange program as the Head of Internationalization at Home for TAU. “These students who have signed up to go this year are enthusiastic, and they know it’s a really meaningful opportunity right now.” 

Netzer Erlichmen speaks to exchange students about their upcoming adventure.

While the tradition of exchange between TAU and its partner institutions continues, with each TAU student going to one of the more than 50 study destinations available this year, preparations for outgoing exchange has recently necessitated a more unique approach given the global unrest following October 7 and the war. While students were given advice and training related to usual exchange program considerations – like adapting to a new culture – they were also provided with a workshop on conflict management.  

“Israel is in a certain position, and we know across the world there are many questions and sometimes severe accusations, so we made it a point of giving our students tools to, as much as possible, deal with these questions,” says Netzer Erlichmen. “Whether they don’t want to answer or whether they want to hold a discussion … we wanted to help them feel comfortable responding.”

At the same time, Netzer Erlichmen emphasized that, should an issue ever arise, the students aren’t alone and have the full support both of TAU’s outgoing exchange office, as well as the institutions they will be attending.

Outgoing exchange students during one of the workshops held on July 9.

“Throughout these tense times, if there’s been a [campus] demonstration that a TAU exchange student has been worried about, there has always been someone directly at that university who has been wiling to check the situation out and provide help,” says Netzer Erlichmen. “Our exchange partners have always been welcoming to our students and we are so glad to have that continued support. These are challenging times and it means so much to us to be able to continue to work with our partners.”

And while the TAU students going on exchange have been prepared slightly differently this year, they are still very excited for what will hopefully be one of the best experiences of their lives.

“Students at TAU have gone through a lot,” reflects Netzer Erlichmen. “On top of all the other benefits an academic exchange opportunity offers, it’s also a chance for our students to get a breather for a bit and really enjoy themselves. They deserve that.”  

Interested in going on exchange and joining us in Tel Aviv? Visit our Incoming Exchange Program to learn more. Are you at TAU and want to go abroad for a bit? Learn more about our Outgoing Exchange Program.

 

How Did Prehistoric Stone Tools Evolve After Elephants Disappeared?

Written by Hilary on . Posted in Newsroom.

TAU study identifies tools developed by early humans for butchering fallow deer after elephants disappeared.

A new study from Tel Aviv University identified the earliest appearance worldwide of special stone tools, used 400,000 years ago to process fallow deer. The tools, called Quina scrapers (after the site in France where they were first discovered), were unearthed at the prehistoric sites of Jaljulia and Qesem Cave. They are characterized by a sharp working edge shaped as scales, enabling users to butcher their prey and also process its hides.

The researchers explain that after the elephants disappeared from the region, the ancient hunters were forced to make technological adaptations enabling them to hunt, butcher, and process much smaller and quicker game – fallow deer. The study also found that the unique tools were made of non-local flint procured from the Mountains of Samaria, which probably also served as the fallow deers’ calving area, about 20km east of Jaljulia and Qesem Cave. Consequently, the researchers hypothesize that Mounts Ebal and Gerizim (near Nablus of today) were considered a source of plenty and held sacred by prehistoric hunters as early as the Paleolithic period.

The study was led by Vlad Litov and Prof. Ran Barkai of Tel Aviv University’s Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures. The paper was published in Archaeologies.

Prof. Ran Barkai

The researchers explain that for about a million years, starting 1.5 million years ago, early humans used stone tools called scrapers to process hides and scrape the flesh off the bones of mostly large game. In the Levant, they mainly hunted elephants and other large herbivores that provided most of the calories they needed. The study found, however, that about 400,000 years ago, following the elephants’ disappearance, hunters turned to a different kind of prey, considerably smaller and quicker than elephants – fallow deer.

How Changing Diets Shaped Prehistoric Tools

Litov explains: “In this study, we tried to understand why stone tools changed during prehistoric times, with a focus on a technological change in scrapers in the Lower Paleolithic, about 400,000 years ago. We found a dramatic change in the human diet during this period, probably resulting from a change in the available fauna: the large game, particularly elephants, had disappeared, and humans were forced to hunt smaller animals, especially fallow deer. Clearly, butchering a large elephant is one thing, and processing a much smaller and more delicate fallow deer is quite a different challenge. Systematic processing of numerous fallow deer to compensate for a single elephant was a complex and demanding task that required the development of new implements. Consequently, we see the emergence of the new Quina scrapers, with a better-shaped, sharper, more uniform working edge compared to the simple scrapers used previously”.

A close look at a Quina-like scraper from Jaljulia.

The study relies on findings from an excavation at the Jaljulia prehistoric site next to Highway 6 in central Israel, probably inhabited by humans of the homo erectus species, as well as evidence from the nearby Qesem Cave. At both sites the excavators discovered many scrapers of the new type, made of non-local flint whose nearest sources are the western slopes of Samaria, to the east of the excavated sites, or today’s Ben Shemen Forest to the south.

Prof. Barkai adds: “In this study we identified links between technological developments and changes in the fauna hunted and consumed by early humans. For many years researchers believed that the changes in stone tools resulted from biological and cognitive changes in humans. We demonstrate a double connection, both practical and perceptual. On the one hand, humans started making more sophisticated tools because they had to hunt and butcher smaller, faster, thinner game. On the other, we identify a perceptual connection: Mounts Ebal and Gerizim in Samaria, about 20km east of Jaljulia, were a home range of fallow deer and thus considered a source of plenty. We found a connection between the plentiful source of fallow deer and the source of flint used to butcher them, and we believe that this link held perceptual significance for these prehistoric hunters. They knew where the fallow deer came from and made special efforts to use flint from the same area to make tools for butchering this prey. This behavior is familiar from many other places worldwide and is still widely practiced by native hunter-gatherer communities”.

Samaria’s Sacred Role in Early Tool Evolution

Litov concludes: “We believe that the Mountains of Samaria were sacred to the prehistoric people of Qesem Cave and Jaljulia because that’s where the fallow deer came from. It’s important to note that in Jaljulia we also found numerous other tools made of different kinds of locally-procured stones. When the locals realized that the elephant population was dwindling, they gradually shifted their focus to fallow deer. Identifying the deer’s plentiful source, they began to develop the unique scrapers in the same place. This is the earliest instance of a phenomenon that later spread throughout the world. The new scrapers first appeared at Jaljulia on a small scale, about 500,000 years ago, and a short time later, 400,000 to 200,000 years ago, on a much larger scale at Qesem Cave. The Samarian highlands east of Jaljulia and Qesem Cave were likely the home range of a fallow deer population, as evidenced by bone remains recovered from local archaeological sites throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Many fallow deer bones were also found at the altar site on Mount Gerizim, attributed in the Old Testament to Joshua bin Nun, and identified by some traditions as the place of Abraham’s Covenant of the Pieces described in the Book of Genesis. Apparently, the Mountains of Samaria gained a prominent, or even sacred status as early as the Paleolithic period and retained their unique cultural position for hundreds of thousands of years”.

Victoria

Tok Corporate Centre, Level 1,
459 Toorak Road, Toorak VIC 3142
Phone: +61 3 9296 2065
Email: [email protected]

New South Wales

Level 22, Westfield Tower 2, 101 Grafton Street, Bondi Junction NSW 2022
Phone: +61 418 465 556
Email: [email protected]

Western Australia

P O Box 36, Claremont,
WA  6010
Phone: :+61 411 223 550
Email: [email protected]